C++ Insights

Source:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <initializer_list>

template <typename T>
class Vector {
private:
    int capacity_;
    int size_;
    T* ptr_;

public:
    Vector() :capacity_{ 0 }, size_{ 0 }, ptr_{ nullptr } {}
    Vector(int size) : capacity_{ size }, ptr_{ new T[size] }, size_{ size } {}
    Vector(int size, T data) : Vector(size) {
        for (int i{ 0 }; i < size; ++i)
            ptr_[i] = data;
    }

Vector(std::initializer_list<T> list) {
        clear();
        for (const T& elem : list)
            push_back(elem);
    }

//Destructor
    ~Vector()
    {
        clear();
    }

//Copy constructor
    Vector(const Vector& v)
    {
        if (this == &v)
            return;

capacity_ = v.capacity_;
        size_ = v.size_;
        ptr_ = new T[v.size_];

for (int i{ 0 }; i < v.size_; ++i)
            ptr_[i] = v.ptr_[i];
    }

//Copy assignment operator
    Vector<T>& operator=(const Vector<T>& v)
    {
        if (this != &v)
        {
            delete[] ptr_;
            ptr_ = nullptr;

capacity_ = v.capacity_;
            size_ = v.size_;
            ptr_ = new T[capacity_];

for (int i{ 0 }; i < v.size_; ++i)
                ptr_[i] = v.ptr_[i];
        }

return *this;
    }

T& operator[](int i)
    {
        if (i >= 0 && i < size_)
            return ptr_[i];
        else
            throw std::out_of_range("Index out of bounds.");
    }

T& operator[](int i) const
    {
        if (i >= 0 && i < size_)
            return ptr_[i];
        else
            throw std::out_of_range("Index out of bounds.");
    }

void reserve(int size)
    {
        if (size_ < capacity_) return;

if (ptr_ == nullptr)
        {
            size_ = 0;
            capacity_ = 0;
        }

T* bufferNew = new T[size];
        unsigned int l_size = std::min(capacity_, size);
        for (int i{ 0 }; i < l_size; ++i)
        {
            bufferNew[i] = ptr_[i];
        }

if (ptr_ != nullptr)
            delete[] ptr_;

ptr_ = bufferNew;
        capacity_ = size;
    }

void clear()
    {
        if (ptr_ != nullptr)
            delete[] ptr_;
        ptr_ = nullptr;
        size_ = 0;
        capacity_ = 0;
    }

int size() const
    {
        return size_;
    }

int capacity()
    {
        return capacity_;
    }

void push_back(const T& elem)
    {
        if (size_ >= capacity_) {
            reserve(capacity_ + 5); // Double the capacity
        }

ptr_[size_++] = elem;
    }

void pop_back()
    {
        --size_;
    }

T front()
    {
        if (size_ > 0)
            return ptr_[0];
        else
            throw std::out_of_range("Index out of bounds.");
    }

T back()
    {
        if (size_ > 0)
            return ptr_[size_ - 1];
        else
            throw std::out_of_range("Index out of bounds.");
    }

T* getRawPointer()
    {
        return ptr_;
    }
};

template <typename T>
Vector<T> operator+(const Vector<T>& v1, const Vector<T>& v2)
{
    if (v1.size() != v2.size())
        throw std::logic_error("Vector lengths must be equal.");
    Vector<T> result;
    for (int i{ 0 }; i < v1.size(); ++i)
        result.push_back(v1[i] + v2[i]);

return result;
}

int main()
{
    Vector<double> x;
	x = Vector<double>({
        1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 
        6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0
    });
    return 0;
}

Source:

Insight:

Console: